“Some people, especially in Africa and Asia, are bitten several times every day, so we wanted to know if mosquitoes behaved differently when they bit animals that were immunised against their saliva,” says Choumet. The team also tested “immunised” mice, which were loaded with antibodies that recognise a mosquito’s saliva. Plasmodium parasites seem to stay in the same place-perhaps they work together with the salivary chemicals to suppress the mouse’s immune system.
And even after the mosquito stops feeding, pockets of saliva linger in the lower layers of the skin. Sometimes, Choumet could see the saliva as small bubbles that hung around the tips of the mouthparts. The mosquito starts salivating as soon as it probes the mouse’s skin, releasing substances that prevent blood vessels from constricting, stop blood from clotting, and prevent inflammation. Many hours after a bite, Choumet’s team found Plasmodium in the rodents’ skin, huddled in areas that were also rife with the mosquito’s saliva. Either way, the infected mosquitoes give up much less readily in their search for blood, which presumably increases the odds that the parasites will enter a new host. It’s not clear why-the parasites could be controlling the insect’s nervous system or changing the activity of genes in its mouthparts.
When the mosquitoes were infected with the Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria, they spent more time probing around for blood vessels. The mosquito can then push against these to drive the other mouthparts deeper. The maxillae end in toothed blades, which grip flesh as they plunge into the host. You can see them flaring out to the side in the video. You can’t see the labrum at all in the videos it buckles when the insect bites, allowing the six mouthparts within to slide into the mouse’s skin.įour of these-a pair of mandibles and a pair of maxillae-are thin filaments that help to pierce the skin.
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What you assume to be a rigid structure, because it has to get into the skin like a needle, is actually flexible and fully controllable. The wonders of the insect body never cease to amaze me!”įrom afar, a mosquito’s snout might look like a single tube, but it’s actually a complicated set of tools, encased in a sheath called the labium. “I had read that the mouthparts were mobile within the skin, but actually seeing it in real time was superb.
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